1. 1914-1918
2. WWII
3. WWI
4. Historical Battles
5. 1935-1945
6. Somme
6.1. Offensive Attack
6.1.1. seen as an opportunity to stop German forces
6.2. Under British Command
6.2.1. British General Douglas Haig
6.3. Poor planned/ stratigised
6.3.1. resulted in over 24, 000 Canadian deaths
7. Vimy Ridge
7.1. Under Canadian Command
7.1.1. General Arthur Currie
7.2. Offensive Attack
7.2.1. the ridge was seen as a vantage point for whoever held it
7.2.2. German troops surrendered 2 days later
7.3. Used Creeping Barrage Tactic
7.3.1. artillery would fire just in front of the troops to provide cover for them
7.3.2. troops wold be on top of German forces before they couple ready themselves
7.3.3. had to be executed precisely, with troops meeting at specific locations and the right time
7.4. Troops and Casualties
7.4.1. 40,000 troops went over the trenches and around 36,400 came back alive
8. Contribution to War
8.1. Military
8.1.1. 424, 000 soldies
8.1.2. 8, 000 sailors
8.1.3. 35, 972 pilots
8.2. Artillery
8.2.1. Guns
8.2.2. Ammunition
8.2.3. Mortars
8.3. Machinery
8.3.1. Planes
8.3.2. Battleships
9. Ypres
9.1. Place
9.1.1. town in Belgium
9.2. First time chemical warfare was ever used
9.2.1. resulted in around 6,000 casualties
9.2.2. chemicals would cause suffering of the troops
9.3. Under British Command
9.4. Defensive Attack
10. Passchendale
10.1. Under British Command
10.1.1. General Douglais Haig
10.2. Third Battle of Ypres
10.3. Rough Turrain
10.3.1. Craters were made from the bombardment
10.3.2. Land was demormend
10.3.3. Rain slowed the troops
10.4. Casualties
10.4.1. 15,654
11. 100 Days
11.1. Amiens
11.1.1. August 8, 1918
11.2. Canal du Nordi
11.2.1. September. 27, 1918
11.3. Cambrai
11.3.1. October 11, 1918
11.4. Mons
11.4.1. November 11, 1918
12. 1947-1991
13. Cold War
14. 1947-Present
15. Peacekeeping
16. Lester B. Pearson
16.1. Lived From
16.1.1. April 23, 1897-December 27, 1972
16.2. Prime Minister
16.2.1. 1963-1968
16.3. Nobel Peace Prize
16.3.1. Won for his role in the Suez Crisis
17. Dunkirk
17.1. The evacuation of British and French troops
17.1.1. 330, 000 soldiers were trapped by German forces
17.1.2. "little ships" were used for the evacuation of British and French troops
17.2. Troops were surrounded on the beaches of Dunkirk
17.3. German forces were never ordered to make a full scale attack
17.3.1. so, all soldiers were evacuated to Britain
18. Battles
19. Battle of Britain
19.1. The RAF and Luftwaffle clashed over the skies of Britain in the longest bombing campaign to that date
19.1.1. the German air force failed to control the skies over Britain
19.1.1.1. around 21% of RAF fighter pilots were lost on average every month
19.1.1.2. 16% of Luftwaffle fighter pilots were lost on average each month
19.2. the battle consisted of planes fighting overhead instead of troops fighting on ground
19.2.1. on August 13-15 the Luftwaffe turned to bombing RAF air bases
19.3. Britain were supplied with planes, troops and trained pilots from Canada
19.4. British advance in radar technology could detect German air forces, and be in the air before they had a chance to attack
20. Hong Kong
20.1. The battle was the first of many battles of the War of the Pacific in WWII
20.1.1. even though the troops had no chance of victory, they refused to back down until they were overran by enemy forces
20.1.1.1. for those that survived, they were taken prisoners
20.2. In October 1941, a group of Canadian troops were ordered for service in the Pacific
20.2.1. the battalion consisted of 1,975 soldiers
20.2.1.1. 290 soldiers were killed in battle
20.2.1.2. 264 more died as prisoners held by Japanese forces
20.2.1.3. close to 500 Canadians were wounded
21. Dieppe Raid
21.1. Took place on the northern coast of France
21.1.1. the coast was a small French port of Dieppe
21.2. 4,963 Canadian soldiers were involved in the operation
21.2.1. the raid resulted in over 900 Canadian deaths
21.2.2. thousand more soldiers were either wounded or taken prisoners
21.3. The operation was not successful, but provided many lessons for other assaults
22. Italian Campaign
22.1. The campaign began with the Allied forces landing in Sicily
22.1.1. the operation began when Canadian and British troops came ashore the tip of Sicily
22.1.1.1. the assault was the largest seaborne operation in military history
22.1.1.2. the operation involved 3,000 Allied ships and landing crafts
22.1.2. the fighting would last more than four weeks of fighting
22.2. The liberation of mainland Italy started on September 3, 1943
22.2.1. after the loss of Sicily, Germany was was determined to hold the Italian mainland
22.3. The campaign totalled more than 26,000 casualties for Canadian troops
23. D-Day
23.1. Place
23.1.1. 50 mile stretch along the five beaches of Normandy, France
23.2. The objective was to liberate Western Europe from Nazi Control
23.3. The battle began when 156,000 American, British, and Canadian forces stormed the beaches of Normandy
23.3.1. British and Canadian troops captured beaches Gold, Juno, and Sword
23.3.2. US forces faced heavy resistance at Utah and Omaha Beach
23.4. By late August, all of Northern France had been liberated
23.4.1. the landing was called the beginning of the end of the war
23.4.2. June 11, the beaches were secured with over 326,000 troops, 50,000 vehicles, and 100,000 tons of equipment was held at Normandy
24. Liberation of Europe
24.1. In the ending of WWII, 1944-1945, the rest of Europe began to be liberated by Allied forces
24.1.1. the Allies began to take large numbers of prisoners from the Axis powers
24.1.2. Concentration camps began to be liberated by Allied forces in the West
24.1.3. Mussolini, dictator of Italy, is killed and Italy surrenders
24.1.4. Hitler commits suicide, April 29, and Germany surrenders shortly after
24.2. May 8, 1945, is Victory in Europe Day which marks the end of WWII with German unconditional surrender of its forces
25. Battle of the Atlantic
25.1. Longest military engagement of WWII
25.2. Fought by the Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Canadian Air force
25.2.1. more than 4,600 men and women lost their lives at sea
25.3. ended May 1945
26. War in the Pacific
26.1. Started with Japan's invasion on Pearl Harbour
26.1.1. In a surprise, Japan bombed US naval base, Pearl Harbour
26.2. Japanese forces attacked to control eastern Asia and the Pacific
26.2.1. Battle between the US and Japan broke out in the Pacific
26.3. Japan eventually surrendered on August 15, 1945
26.3.1. Japan's surrender came after the US dropped two atomic bombs
26.3.2. The bombs destroyed the cities of Hiroshima, August 6, and Nagasaki, August 9,
27. Peacekeeping Missions
28. Korea
28.1. 1947-48
28.1.1. supervise elections
28.2. 1950-53
28.2.1. sends in troops
29. Palestine
29.1. supervise and monitor ceasefire
30. India and Pakistan
30.1. 1949
30.1.1. supervise ceasefire between India and Pakistan
30.2. 1965-66
30.2.1. Canada send contingent to border India and Pakistan
31. Egypt
31.1. 1956
31.1.1. supervise French, Israeli, and English withdrawl
31.2. 1973-79
31.2.1. supervise ceasefire between Egypt and Israel
32. Lebanon
32.1. Canada sends contingent to Lebanon
33. Congo
33.1. sent to restore order in African nation
33.2. assist in the removal of Belgium troops
34. West New Guinea
34.1. sent to monitor ceasefire between Netherlands and Indonesia
34.1.1. help peacfully transition of the territory to Indonesia
34.2. assist with maintaining rule of law and protecting human rights
35. Yemen
35.1. Canada sends contingent
36. Cyprus
36.1. maintain balance between Greek and Turkish over newly created island
37. Dominican Republic
37.1. to contribute to ceasefire
37.2. to withdraw OAS Forces
38. Israel and Syria
38.1. sends contingent to buffer zone between Israel and Syria
38.2. provide support for UN forces
39. Afghanistan
39.1. Canada sends contingent
40. Iran and Iraq
40.1. sends conginent to Iran-Iraq borders
41. Angola
41.1. assist in withdrawal of Cuban forces
42. Nambilia
42.1. Canada send contingent
43. Haiti
43.1. 1990
43.1.1. observe election process
43.2. 1993
43.2.1. Canada sends 750 military personnel and 30 civilian police
43.3. 1994
43.3.1. Canada send contingent to UN blockade of Haiti
43.4. 1996
43.4.1. Canada contributes 752 military personnel and 100 civilian police
43.5. 1997
43.5.1. Canada sends 650 military personnel and 60 civilian police
43.5.2. 22 civilian police and police trainers
43.6. 2004
43.6.1. Canada sends 66 civilian police and 5 military personnel
44. Knor Abdullah
44.1. monitor waterway between Iraq and Kuwait
45. El Salvador
45.1. Canada sends contingent to monitor ceasefire following the 12 year civil war in El Salvador
46. Bosnia and Herzgovina
46.1. Canada sends 30 civilian police
47. Guatemala
47.1. Canada monitors the ceasefire agreement
48. Contribution to War
48.1. Military
48.1.1. 750, 000 soldiers
48.1.2. 100, 000 sailors
48.1.3. 250, 000 pilots
48.2. Artillery
48.2.1. Guns
48.2.2. Ammunition
48.2.3. Bombs
48.2.4. Mortars
48.3. Machinery
48.3.1. Planes
48.3.2. Battleships
48.3.3. Tanks
49. Canada's Role
50. The United States
51. The United Nations
52. Peacekeeping
52.1. Canada aided in peacekeeping with the UN
53. NORAD
53.1. North American Aerospace Defence Command
53.1.1. an air-defence system in northern Canada
53.1.2. role was to warn of Soviet bombers and/or missiles
54. Projects
54.1. Avro Arrow
54.1.1. was a delta winged interceptor aircraft
54.1.1.1. was seen as an advanced technical acheivement
54.1.1.2. also an aerodynamic achievement for Canadian aviation industry
54.1.2. study began in 1953
54.1.3. Black Friday
54.1.3.1. February 20, 1959
54.1.3.2. put 14,528 employees out of work
54.1.3.3. nearly another 15,000 employees in suppliers
55. NATO
55.1. Canada's role was to secure shipping lanes between North America and Europe
55.2. they would make sure all trade supplies would make it from place to place
55.3. Canada supplied their Navy since it was one of the largest at that point n time
55.3.1. Canada since then has sold most of their warships and planes